New Revised Syllabus of MSc Microbiology for Academic year 2073-074
Semester I
| Course code | Course Title | Nature of Course | Credits | Evaluation (40% internal assessment) |
| Compulsory courses | ||||
| MB 501 | Advances in Microbiology | T | 3 | 75 (45+30) |
| MB 502 | Immunology | T | 3 | 75 (45+30) |
| MB 503 | Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology | T | 3 | 75 (45+30) |
| MB 504 | Biochemistry and Biotechnology | T | 3 | 75 (45+30) |
| MB 505 | Practical on (MB 501 + MB 502) | P | 2 | 50 |
| MB 506 | Practical on (MB 503 + MB 504) | P | 2 | 50 |
| | Total | | 16 | 400 |
MB 501 Advances in Microbiology
Course Title:Advances in Microbiology Full Marks: 75
Course No.:MB 501 Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature ofCourse: Theory (3 credits) Semester: I
Objectives
Upon the completion of the course students will have knowledge on
a. Bacterial and viral taxonomy
b. Structure and physiology of bacteria, virus and fungi
c. Transport system and pathways of protein secretion
d. Growth and recovery of bacteriaand
CourseContents
Bergey's Classification of Bacteria 7 hrs
Nomenclature, Classification, Identification, Polyphasic taxonomy, Techniques used for determining Microbial Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Classical Characteristics method, Molecular Characteristics method, Phylogenetic tree, Cladograms, Dichotomous Keys, Basis for classification of bacteria, Introductionto Bergey’s Manual
Pathways of Protein Secretion 5 hrs
General secretory pathway (GSP), Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV secretionsystem, Bacterial invasion mediated by cytoskeletal function, Disruptionof tight junction
BacterialStructure and Transport Mechanism 5 hrs Overviewof prokaryotic cell structure and function,Cell membrane and function,Cell wall and function,Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, Group translocation, Iron transport,ABCtransporter
Bacterial Growth, Growth Kinetics 4 hrs
Lag phase, Exponential or log phase, Stationary phase, Death phase, Generation time determination, Diauxic growth
Bacterial Metabolism 10 hrs
Nutrient,Macro and Micro elements,Requirement of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen, Nutritional types of microorganisms, Free energy and reactions, Oxidation-Reduction reaction and electron carrier, Role of ATP in metabolism, Mechanism of generating ATP, Photophosphorylation, Substrate-level phosphorylation, Oxidative phosphorylation, Chemiosmotic theory, Overview of metabolism, Catabolism, Anabolism, Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, Embden-Meyerhof pathway,Pentose phosphate pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway,Kreb cycle, Fermentation, Lactic acid fermentation, Ethanol fermentation, Mixed acid fermentation, Butanediol fermentation, Anaerobic respiration, Photosynthesis, Light dependentand light independent reaction
Fungi: Structure,Classification and Physiology 7 hrsClassification, Fungal cell structure and function, Nutrition and metabolism, Reproduction and life cycleof yeast and mold
Viruses:Structure, Classification and Replication 7 hrsVirus classification and nomenclature, Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of viruses and Bacteriophages, Morphology and structureof viruses, Propagation and identification of viruses and bacteriophages, Replication of viruses and bacteriophages, Virus purification and assays, Host-virusinteraction
References
1. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 1 (2001), Volume 2 (2005), Volume 3 (2009), Volume 4 (2009), Volume 5 (2009)
2. Madigan MT, MartinkoJM and Parker J (2004),Brock's Biology of Microorganisms, 10th Edition, Prentice-Hall International
3. Prescott LM, Haley JP and Klein DA (2005), Microbiology, 7th Edition (International Edition)McGraw Hill
MB 502 Immunology
Course Title:Immunology Full Marks: 75
Course No.:MB 502 Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature ofCourse: Theory (3 credits) Semester: I
Objectives
Upon completion of the course, students willbe able to understand
a. Basic immunology and immunopathology of viral, bacterial, parasite, autoimmune, tumor and fungaldiseases
b. Immunological techniques and assays
CourseContents
Basic Conceptof Immunology 2 hrs
Immunology, Immunity;Anatomical feature and location of human lymphatic system, Role of organs, Cells, tissues and other components in immune system
Innate Immunity 3 hrs
Generaloverview of host pathogen interaction, Non-specific defense againstthe microbial infections, Physical and anatomical barriers, Cells and secretarymolecules, Serum components, Phagocytosis
Complements 2 hrs
Mechanism and significance of classical and alternativepathways of complement system
Cells and Tissues of Adaptive Immunity 3 hrs
Types,functions and development (maturation, activationand differentiation)of T and B cells
Antigens 2 hrs
Typesand properties; Conditions of antigenicity
Antibodies and Immunoglobulins 5 hrs
Molecularstructure, Classes, Subclasses, Types, Subtypes, Genetic basis of diversity
In VitroAntigen-Antibody Reactions 5 hrs
Types,principle, procedures and applications of precipitation, Agglutination, Antibodies labelling methods; Immunofluorescence assay, ELISA,Radioimmuno assay,Immunoelectrophoresis, Immunoblotting methods
Cell Mediated Immune Response 5 hrs
Cells involved in cell mediatedimmunity; Structure and functionof MHC in antigen processing, Presentation and effectermechanism
Types andFunction of Cytokines and TLR 3 hrs
Immune Disorders 5 hrs
Immunological tolerance; Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity and Allergy;Congenital and acquired Immunodeficiency
Immunopathology of Bacterial, Viral and Parasitic Infections 5 hrs
Overviewof vaccine and vaccination, Types of vaccines-killed organism as a vaccine, Attenuated vaccine,Methods of attenuation, New experimental vaccines, Vaccine production techniques, Quality and efficacy,Adverse events following immunization, Recent developments and prospects
References
1. Abbas AK and LichtmanAH (2008), Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, 3rd Edition, W B Saunders Co
2. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH and Pillai S (2007),Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 6th Edition, Elsevier
Freeman
4. Roitt IM and Delves PJ (2001), Roitt’s Essential Immunology, 10th Edition, ELBS, Blackwell Scientific Publications
MB 503 MicrobialGenetics and MolecularBiology
Course Title: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology Full Marks: 75
Course No.:MB 503 Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature ofCourse: Theory (3 credits) Semester: I
Objective
Upon the completion of the course students will have knowledge on
a. Microbial genetics and techniques andapplications of molecular biology
CourseContents
Fundamentals on Genes, DNA, RNA, Genome and Genetics 2 hrs
DNA Recombination and Transfer in Prokaryote 3 hrs
DNA Replication 5 hrs
Molecular mechanism of DNA, Replication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Gene Expression 5 hrs
Molecular mechanism and stages of transcription in prokaryotes, viruses and bacteriophages, Post transcriptional modifications
Process of Protein Synthesis 5 hrs
Role of RNA and translation of the genetic code, Steps involved in translation, Post translational modification of proteins, Posttranslational modifications
Regulation of GeneExpression 5 hrs
Mechanism of Lac-operon and Trp operon, Control of gene expression at transcriptional, post transcriptional,translational and hormonal level
Mutations 5 hrs
Types of Mutation, Mutagenic agents: Physical,chemical and biological, Detection of mutants
Recombinant DNA Technology 8 hrs
Principle, procedures and mechanism of gene cloning, Sources of DNA for cloning,Restriction enzymes and their characteristics, Formation of the recombinant DNA, Cloning vectors, Expression vectors,Detection of the recombinant DNA, Cloning of the eukaryotic genes in bacteria
Molecular Techniques 7 hrs
Extraction and purification of plasmidand chromosomal DNA and RNA, Principle, procedures and applications of PCR based techniques and blottingtechniques in Microbiology: Plasmid profiling, PCR, Real time PCR, RFLP, DNA Finger printing, Western blotting, Southern blotting,Northern blotting, PFGE, Genesequencing, DNA microarray
References
1. Lewin B(2007), Genes IX, Oxford University Press and Cell Press
2. Snyder L and ChampnessW (2003), Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 2nd Press
Edition, ASM
3. Sambrook J and Russell DW (2001), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Vol I, II and III), 3rd Edition, ColdSpring Harbor Laboratory Press
MB 504 Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Course Title:Biochemistry and Biotechnology Full Marks: 75
Course No.: MB 504 Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature of Course: Theory (3 credits) Semester: I
Objectives
Upon completionof the course, students will haveknowledge on
a. Generaland microbialbiochemistry
b. Production, purification, and product recovery of industrialproducts of microbial origin
Course Contents Biochemistry
Introduction to Biomolecules 2 hrs
Definition, classification, sources and function: Carbohydrates, Amino Acids and Proteins, lipids and fattyacids, and nucleic acids
Vitamins 3 hrs
Absorption, sourcesand functions: Fat-soluble vitamins, Water-solublevitamins
Enzymology 2 hrs
Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver- Burk equation, Enzyme inhibition: Competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition
Metabolism of Carbohydrates 4 hrs
Metabolism of dietary carbohydrate, Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Glycogen metabolism, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose phosphate pathway shunt,Uronic acid pathway,Metabolism of Disaccharides (sucrose,maltose, lactose)
Krebs Cycle 1 hr
Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Krebs cycle, Amphibolic role of cycle,Glyoxylate cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation 1 hr
Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Electron transport chain and oxidativephosphorylation, Substrate level phosphorylation
Metabolism of Amino Acids 3 hrs
Metabolism of dietary proteins, Metabolism of ammonia,Biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids,Catabolism of essentialamino acids, Pathway,metabolic regulation and significance: Urea cycle
Metabolism of Lipids 5 hrs
Metabolism of dietary lipids, Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Beta-Oxidation of fatty acids and energetic, Alpha-oxidation, Omega-oxidation, Biosynthesis of ketonebodies, Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Biosynthesisof triacylglycerol
Metabolism of Nucleic Acids 2 hrs
Pathway,metabolic regulation and significance: Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide (De Novo and salvage pathways), Purine nucleotide interconversion, Formation of deoxyribonucleotides.
Biotechnology
Animal and Plant Biotechnology 4 hrs
Vector,Gene transfer techniques in plants (based on Ti and Ri Plasmid, Intermediate and helperplasmid, Binary vector, Virus as vector),Gene transfer techniques using Agrobacterium; Animal cellculture technology, Plant cell and tissue culture technology
MicrobialProduction, Purifications and Product Recovery of Metabolites and Fermented Foods 10 hrs
Antibiotics (Benzyl Penicillin, Streptomycin), Vitamins (Riboflavin and vitamin B12) Amino acids (Glutamic acid, Lysine, Tryptophan), Nucleic acids, Organic acids (Citric acid, Lactic acid, Kojic acid), Enzymes (Amylase, Protease, Glucose isomerase), Alcoholic beverages (Wine, Beer, Distilledliquor-whisky), Fermented Foods (Kinema, Soya sauce, Natto, Kimchi), Singlecell protein
Production and ProductRecovery of 2 hrs
Humangrowth hormones, Interferon,Insulin
Types, Applications and Production Process of 3 hrs
Microbial bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Cyanobacteria, VAM)
Types, Applications and Production Procedures of 3 hrs
Bacterial,Fungal and viral biopesticidesand bioherbicides
References
1. Nelson DL and Cox MM (2004), Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Freeman
Edition,
2. Plummer DT (1988), An Introduction to PracticalBiochemistry, 3rdEdition, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Skoog DA, Holler FJ and NiemanTA (2005), Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition, Thomson Books/Cole
4. Stryer L (1995),Biochemistry, 4th Edition, W.H. FreemanCompany, New York
5. Voet Dand Voet J (2004), Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, WileyInternational Edition
6. Wilson K and Walker J (Eds)(2005), Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and MolecularBiology,6thEdition,CambridgeUniversity Press
7. Mendham J, Denny RC, Barnes JD and Thomas M (2008), Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative ChemicalAnalysis, 6th Edition, Pearson Education
8. Cassida LE Jr (1996), Industrial Microbiology, New Age International Publishers
9. Crueger W and Crueger A (1990), Biotechnology: A Textbookof Industrial Microbiology. 2nd Edition, T. D.Brock's Editor, Sunderland MassSinauer Associates
10. Smith JE (1996),Biotechnology, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press
MB 505 Practical on (MB 501 + MB 502)
Course Title: Practical on (MB 501+MB 502) Full Marks: 50
Course No.: MB 505 Pass Marks: 25
Nature of Course: Practical (2 credits) Semester: I
Course Contents Advances in Microbiology
Bacterial Morphology
1. Microscopy and staining
Microbial Physiology
3. Enumerationtechniques
4. Biomassdetermination
5. Determinationof bacterialgrowth curve in broth medium
6. Effectof environmental factors on bacterial growth
7. Degradation experiments-Cellulose, Starch, Gelatin, Casein, Tween80
8. Conventionalbiochemical testing for identificationof Enterobacteriaceae family
9. Biochemicalidentification of unknown bacteria (Gram positive, Gram negative)
10. Antimicrobialsusceptibility test
Yeast, Mold and Actinomycetes
12. Growthof molds in different condition
13. Isolationand characterization ofActinomycetes
Viruses
14. Isolation and enumeration of bacteriophage
15. Onestep growth curve of bacteriophage
Immunology
1. Handlingof laboratory animals
2. Animalinoculation techniques using different routes
3. Immunizationof laboratoryanimals antiserum harvesting
4. Purification of immunoglobulins
5. In vitroserological tests
§ Precipitation (Gel:Single and Ouchterlony double diffusion)
§ Agglutination(Slide, Tube, Latex and Haemagglutination)
§ Neutralizationtest
§ ELISA
§ Immunoelectrophoresis
§ Immunoflourescencetechnique
§ Immunochromatographictechnique
§ Complement fixation test
6. Hypersensitivityreactions (Montoux test, Allergy test)
7. Bloodgrouping from forensic samples
MB 506 Practical on (MB 503 + MB 504)
Course Title: Practical on (MB 503 + MB 504) Full Marks: 50
Course No.: MB 506 Pass Marks: 25
Nature of Course: Practical (2 credits) Semester: I
Course Contents
1. Nucleusstaining (Prokaryotic and Eukaryoticcells)
2. Nucleicacid Extraction- Extraction and purification of chromosomal and plasmid DNA from bacteria, Extraction and purification of DNA from yeast cells, Extraction and purification of RNA from Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Extraction of DNA from biological samples (viscera,body fluids, hair, skin, nails) forforensic analysis
4. DNA transformation experiments
5. Detectionand isolation of mutants
Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Biochemistry
1. Preparation ofdifferent solutions and buffer
2. Titrationcurves of amino acids
4. Quantitative tests forcharacterization ofcarbohydrates, proteins and lipids
5. Identificationof unknown carbohydrates
6. Isolation of protein
7. Studyeffect of pH, temperature and effectorson enzymeactivity
8. Determinationof enzyme kinetics Km and Vmax
9. Quantitative determination of blood sugar, cholesterol level, total protein, albumin
10. Determinationof enzyme activities: ALT, GOT, amylase
11. Extractionof glycogen from liver
12. Separationof amino acids by single and double ascending paper chromatography
13. Separationcharacterization of sugars, aminoacids and lipids by thin layer chromatography
14. Separationof amino acids and proteins by ion-exchange chromatography
15. Identification of drugs using chromatographic techniques for drug abuse cases,samples (blood, urine)
16. Analysisof serum proteins by Electrophoresis
17. Determinationof molecular weight of proteins by SDS-PAGE
18. Purification proteins by Gel filtration
19. Analysisof biomolecules/bioactive compoundsusing colorimetry, spectrophotometry and fluorimetry
20. Analysisof body fluids (saliva, urine, blood, CSF, semen, tears) for forensicbiology
Biotechnology
1. Isolation andidentification of Bacillus thuriengiensisand purification of crystalprotein
2. Production, purification and characterization of industrially important enzymes of microbialorigin
3. Production, separation, partial purification and characterization of antimicrobial compounds from Bacillusspp. and actinomycetes
4. Production andpurification of organic acids using microorganisms
5. Alcoholproduction and qualityassessment
6. Forensicanalysis of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages
7. Fieldvisit to industries
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